You can see for yourself what the winds will be like from the
BOM Wind Roses.
However as a Brisbane resident I can predict without looking at the roses that you are likely to encounter strong south westerly winds if you depart here in September.
My choice would be to start in Adelaide. It will be early spring so still quite cool in the south but that shouldn't bother someone coming from Germany.
And coming from Germany you may already be aware that the famed wine producing region (the Barossa Valley) near Adelaide were settled by German immigrants and no doubt many of the place names will have a familiar sound. The Tour Down Under is run in these districts and there are good bike paths. Worth a visit if you have time.
Sticking to the coastal route from Adelaide to Melbourne will take you along the Great Ocean Road, which one of the prime tourist attractions in Victoria.
I have a map of a cycle touring route from Melbourne to the Gold Coast. It's a little dated but still useful. If you would like a copy, send me an email.